Beryllium shows resemblance with its diagonally opposite element aluminium. Points of similarity are: (1) Both metals have a tendency to form covalent compounds e.g. the chlorides of both being covalent are soluble in organic solvents. (2) Both BeCl2 and AlCl3 act as a Lewis acids and are used as Friedel - Crafts catalyst. (3) These two elements have same … [Read more...] about Diagonal Relationship of Beryllium and Aluminium
Class 11
Baking Soda and Sodium Chloride
Sodium chloride(NaCl) The most abundant source of sodium chloride is sea water which contains 2.7-2.9% by mass. Common salt is generally obtained by evaporation of sea water. Crude sodium chloride obtained by crystallisation of brine solution contains impurities of sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) , calcium sulphate (CaSO4 ) , calcium chloride (CaCl2) magnesium chloride … [Read more...] about Baking Soda and Sodium Chloride
Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium Hydroxide It is prepared commercially by the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride using mercury cathode and graphite anode. The electrolysis is carried out in a specially designed vessel called Castner and Kellner's cell or Mercury cathode cell. 1) It consists of a large rectangular iron tank divided into three compartments by Slate partitions … [Read more...] about Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium Carbonate
Sodium carbonate commonly known as washing soda is manufactured by Solvay – ammonia process. Principle: The process is based upon the principle that when carbon dioxide is passed through brine solution saturated with ammonia, the following ions are present in the solution. Na+ , NH4+ , Cl‾ , HCO3‾ Sodium bicarbonate being sparingly soluble, crystallizes out. This … [Read more...] about Sodium Carbonate
Extraction of Alkali Metals
Alkali metals cannot be extracted from their ores by the usual methods of extraction of metals because of following difficulties: 1) Alkali metals are strong reducing agents and hence cannot be extracted by reduction of their oxides or chlorides. 2) Alkali metals being highly electropositive cannot be displaced from the aqueous solution of their salts by other … [Read more...] about Extraction of Alkali Metals