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Class 8

Class 8 – Science Notes

Chapter 1 : Crop Production and Management

  • Crops
  • Types of Crops
  • Preparation of Soil
  • Sowing
  • Manures
  • Fertilisers
  • Crop Rotation
  • Irrigation
  • Methods of Irrigation
  • Weeding
  • Harvesting
  • Storage of Food Grains

Chapter 2 : Micro Organisms Friend and Foe

  • Micro-Organisms
  • Groups of Micro Organism
  • Where do Micro Organism Live
  • Useful Micro organism
  • Making of Curd and Bread
  • Commercial Use of Micro organism
  • Medicinal Use of Micro oragnaism
  • Increasing Soil Fertility
  • Cleaning the Environment
  • Harmful Micro Organism
  • Carriers of Disease causing micro organism
  • Disease Causing Micro organisms in Animals
  • Disease Causing Micro-Organism in Plants
  • Food poisoning
  • Preservation of Food
  • Preservation by sun-drying, Heating, Cooling
  • Preservation by Deep Freezing,Common Salt, Sugar
  • Preservation of food by mustard oil and Vinegar, Chemicals, Pasteurisation, Air-tight Packets
  • Nitrogen Fixation
  • Nitrogen Cycle

Chapter 3 : Synthetic Fibres and Plastics

  • Synthetic Fibres
  • Types of synthetic fibres
  • Rayon
  • Nylon
  • Polyester
  • Poly Ethylene Terephthalate and Acrylic
  • Characteristics of Synthetic Fibres
  • Plastics
  • Types of plastics
  • Properties of plastics
  • Biodegradable and Non-biodegradable material
  • Harmful effects of Plastics
  • Steps to save environment from plastic waste

Chapter 4 : Material : Metals and Non-metals

  • Elements
  • Characteristics of Metals and Non Metals
  • Properties of Metals
  • Properties of Non-metals
  • Difference between metals and non-metals
  • Reaction of metal and non-metals with oxygen
  • Reaction of metals and non-metals with a water
  • Reaction of metals and non-metals with a acid
  • Reaction of metals and non-metals with a base
  • Displacement Reaction
  • Uses of Metals
  • Uses of Non-Metals

Chapter 5 : Coal and Petroleum

  • Natural Resources
  • Coal
  • Products of Coal
  • Petroleum
  • Refining of Petroleum
  • Natural Gas
  • Petrochemicals

Chapter 6 : Combustion and Flame

  • Combustion
  • Conditions necessary for Combustion
  • Lightning of matchstick
  • Types of combustion
  • Fire control
  • Fuels
  • Flame
  • Structure of flame
  • Burning of fuels leads to harmful products

Chapter 7 : Conservation of Plants and Animals

  • Biodiversity and ecosystem
  • Causes of deforestation
  • Conservation of forests and wildlife
  • Consequences of deforestation
  • Biosphere reserve
  • Flora and fauna
  • Wildlife Sanctuary
  • National Park
  • Extinct and Endangered Species
  • Red data book
  • Recycling and Reforestation

Chapter 8 : Cell Structure and Functions

  • Cell Structure and Functions
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria, cell wall, Chloroplasts , Vacuole
  • Cell membrane and Cytoplasm
  • Structure of Cell
  • Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
  • Variety in cell number
  • Variety in shape of cell
  • Variety in size of cell
  • Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Chapter 9 : Reproduction in Animals

  • Reproduction in animals
  • Methods of Reproduction
  • Gametes
  • Fertilisation
  • Sexual Reproduction in humans
  • Development of embryo
  • In Vitro Fertilisation
  • Viviparous animals and Oviparous animals
  • Fertilisation in hen
  • Asexual Reproduction in animals
  • Metamorphosis
  • Cloning

Chapter 10 : Reaching the age of Adolescence

  • Adolescence
  • Puberty
  • Changes At Puberty:Height, Voice, Body shape
  • Changes at puberty:Pimple and acne, development of sex organs
  • Secondary sexual characteristics in humans
  • Hormones
  • Reproductive Phase
  • Adolescent Pregnancy
  • How is sex of a baby determined
  • Hormones
  • Reproductive health

Chapter 11 : Force and Pressure

  • Force
  • Force is due to interaction
  • Force has magnitude as well as direction
  • Effects of Force
  • Contact force
  • Non-contact forces
  • Pressure
  • Pressure exerted by liquids
  • Pressure exerted by gases
  • Atmospheric pressure
  • Applications of atmospheric pressure

Chapter 12 : Friction

  • Static, sliding and rolling friction
  • Factors affecting friction
  • Cause of friction
  • Friction
  • Advantages of friction
  • Disadvantages of friction
  • Methods of increasing friction
  • Methods of reducing friction
  • Fluid friction

Chapter 13 : Sound

  • Noise pollution
  • Musical instruments
  • Noise and music
  • Audible and Inaudible sound
  • Characteristics of sound
  • Amplitude, time-period and frequency of vibration
  • Ears
  • Speed of sound
  • Sound needs a Medium for Propagation
  • Sound produced by humans
  • Sound is produced by vibrating object

Chapter 14 : Chemical Effect of Electric Current

  • Liquids conduct electricity
  • Test for conduction of liquid
  • Detection of weak current flowing through liquid
  • Distilled, tap, sea and rain water
  • Chemical effect of electric current
  • Electroplating
  • Weak conductors of electricity
  • Purification of metal
  • Uses of electroplating

Chapter 15 : Some Natural Phenomena

  • Electric Charges
  • Lightning
  • Earthquake

Chapter 16 : Light

  • Reflection of Light
  • Formation of Image, Periscope, Kaleidoscope
  • Human Eye

Chapter 17 : Stars and the Solar System

  • Stars
  • Constellations
  • The Solar System
  • Satellites and Artificial Satellite
  • Asteroids, Comets and Meteoroids

Chapter 18 : Pollution of Air and Water

  • Air Pollution
  • Acid Rain and Green house Effects
  • Water Pollution

Class 8 – Other Subjects

  • Class 8 English Notes
  • Class 8 Social Science Notes

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