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Home » Class 11 » Chemistry » p-Block Elements » Silicon Tetrachloride

Silicon Tetrachloride

Last Updated on February 16, 2023 By Mrs Shilpi Nagpal

Preparation

Silicon tetrachloride is prepared by heating either silicon or silicon carbide with chloride.

Si (s) + 2 Cl2 (g) ——> SiCl4 (l)

SiC(s) + 4 Cl2 (g) ——-> SiCl4 (l) + CCl4 (l)

Properties

1) It is a volatile liquid , b.p. 330.57 K.

2) Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis of SiCl4 gives silicic acid , Si(OH)4 which upon further heating undergoes partial dehydration to give silica gel.

SiCl4 (l) + 2 H2O (l) ——-> Si(OH)4 ——-> SiO2 .x H2O

Silica gel is amorphous and very porous.It contains 4% water, It is used as a catalyst in petroleum industry and as an adsorbent in column chromatography.

If hydrolysis of SiCl4 is carried out at high temperature then finely powdered silica is obtained.

SiCl4 (g) + 4 H2O (l) ———-> SiO2 (s) + 4 HCl (g)

3) Reduction

Reduction of SiCl4 with dihydrogen gives silicon.

SiCl4 (g) + 2 H2 (g) ———-> Si (s) + 4 HCl (g)

4) Reaction with silicon

Pyrolysis of SiCl4 with Si gives a series of perhalosilanes of the formula SinCl2n+2 where n=2-6.

SiCl4 + Si ———> Si2Cl6 + higher members of the series

These chains are longer than those formed by hydrides.This is due to additional pπ-dπ bonding between lone pairs of electrons present on Cl and empty d-orbitals of Si.

Uses

It is used to prepare ultrapure silicon used for making transistors , computer chips and solar cells.

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Filed Under: Chemistry, Class 11, p-Block Elements Tagged With: preparation of silicon tetrachloride, properties of silicon tetrachloride, uses of silicon tetrachloride

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