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Home » Class 11 » Chemistry » Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques » Nomenclature of Simple Aromatic Compounds

Nomenclature of Simple Aromatic Compounds

Last Updated on July 3, 2023 By Mrs Shilpi Nagpal

Contents

  • 1 Aromatic Compounds
  • 2 Aromatic Hydrocarbons 
  • 3 Hydroxy derivatives

Aromatic Compounds

Aromatic compounds contain one or more isolated or fused benzene rings. An aromatic compound consist of two parts :

(1) Nucleus: The most ideal aromatic compound is benzene. It is represented by a regular hexagon of six carbon atoms with three alternate single and double bonds. This is called the nucleus. The ring may be represented by any of the following three ways:

Benzene

A circle inside the cyclohexane ring represents six completely delocalised π-electrons or three conjugated double bonds.

(2) Side Chain : The alkyl group or any other aliphatic group containing at least one carbon atom which is attached to the benzene ring is called the side chain.

Each family of aromatic compounds consist of the following two types of compounds with quite different chemical properties.

(1) Nuclear substituted : Those in which the functional group is directly attached to the benzene ring.

In the IUPAC system, they are named as derivatives of benzene. The position of the substituent in disubstituted benzene are indicated either by prefixes or by arabic numerals such as ortho (o) for 1, 2 ; meta (m) for 1,3 and para (p) for 1,4.

(2) Side chain substituted: Those in which the functional group is present in the side chain of the benzene ring. Both in the common and IUPAC systems, these are usually named as phenyl derivatives of the corresponding aliphatic compounds.

The positions of the substituents on the side chain including the benzene ring are indicated by Greek letters α, β,ϒ.. in the common system and by the arabic numerals i.e. 1,2, 3 etc. in the IUPAC system.

 

Aromatic Hydrocarbons 

Hydrocarbons which contain both aliphatic and aromatic units are called arenes.

Aromatic hydrocarbons

Aryl groups

Aryl group

Aryl group

Halogen derivatives

Halogen derivatives

Benzyl chloride

Benzyl chloride

Benzal dichloride

 

Benzal dichloride

Benzotrichloride

Benzotrichloride

Hydroxy derivatives

Hydroxy derivatives : The nuclear hydroxy derivatives are called phenols while the side chain substituted hydroxy derivatives are called aromatic alcohols.

Phenols

phenol

 

cresols

phenol derivatives

Aromatic alcohols

benzyl alcohol

Aromatic ethers

Anisole

 

Anisole

Ethoxybenzene

Ethoxybenzene

Aldehydes

Benzaldehyde

Salicylaldehyde

Salicylaldehyde

2-Phenylethanal

2-Phenylethanal

Ketones

Acetophenone

Acetophenone or Methyl phenyl ketone

Ethyl phenyl ketone

Nitro compounds

Nitro compounds

Amines

Aromatic amines

 

Carboxylic acids

carboxylic acid

Aromatic carboxylic acids

 

Acid derivatives

Benzoyl chloride

Benzoyl chloride

Benzanilide

Benzanilide

Benzamide

Methyl benzoate

Methyl benzoate

Phenyl benzoate

Acetanilide

Sulphonic acids

Benzenesulphonic acid

Benzenesulphonic acid

m-Benzenedisulphonic acid

m-Benzenedisulphonic acid

Cyanides 

Benzonitrile

Benzonitrile

Phenyl acetonitrile

Arenediazonium salts

Benzenediazonium chloride

Benzenediazonium chloride

Filed Under: Chemistry, Class 11, Organic Chemistry - Some Basic Principles and Techniques Tagged With: aldehydes, arenediazonium salts, arenes, aromatic amines, aromatic carboxylic acid, aromatic compounds, aromatic cyanides, aromatic ethers, aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic nitro compounds, aromatic sulphonic acid, aryl groups, circle inside the cyclohexane ring, examples of aromatic alcohols, examples of halogen derivatives, halogen derivatives, ketones, meta, nitro compounds, nuclear substituted, nucleus, ortho, para, side chain, side chain substituted

About Mrs Shilpi Nagpal

Author of this website, Mrs. Shilpi Nagpal is MSc (Hons, Chemistry) and BSc (Hons, Chemistry) from Delhi University, B.Ed. (I. P. University) and has many years of experience in teaching. She has started this educational website with the mindset of spreading free education to everyone.

Reader Interactions

Comments

  1. wilson juma says

    March 27, 2022 at 3:37 am

    This is a good website for aromatic compounds naming and their structures. i appreciate positively/

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