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Home » Class 11 » Chemistry » Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure » Types of Molecular Orbital Formed

Types of Molecular Orbital Formed

Last Updated on February 16, 2023 By Mrs Shilpi Nagpal

Types of molecular orbitals formed

1)If two atomic orbitals overlap along the internuclear axis ,the molecular orbital formed is called σ molecular orbital.

2)If two atomic orbitals overlap sideways, the molecular orbital formed is called π molecular orbital.

3)s orbitals are spherically symmetrical ,their wave function has the same size in all the directions.

4)In p- orbital, one lobe is given a + sign and the other a – sign.

5)Overlapping of + part of the electron cloud of one atom with + part of the electron cloud of second atom implies addition of the atomic orbitals leading to the formation of bonding molecular orbitals.

6)The overlap of  + part of the electron cloud of one atom with – part of the electron cloud of the second atom means the subtraction of the atomic orbitals leading to the formation of antibonding molecular orbital.

1s with 1s 

Combination of 1s with 1s



The wave function of two 1s atomic orbitals can combine in two different ways :

 

a) When both have the same sign.

b)When they have different signs.

If one of the wave function is assigned a +ve sign, the other may be either +ve or -ve sign. The bonding molecular orbital formed is designated as σ (1s), σ indicating that the overlap is along  the internuclear axis and 1s indicating that 1s atomic orbitals have combined to form the molecular orbital. The corresponding antibonding molecular orbital is designated as σ∗

2s with 2s

The bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals formed are designated as σ (2s) and σ∗(2s).

2pz with 2pz

Taking Z-axis as the internuclear axis, the molecular orbitals formed are:

Combination of 2pz with 2pz

 

2px with 2px

Combination of 2px with 2px

2py with 2py

combination of 2py with 2py

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Filed Under: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure, Chemistry, Class 11 Tagged With: Combination of 1s with 1s, combination of 2px with 2px, combination of 2py with 2py, combination of 2pz with 2pz, π molecular orbital, σ molecular orbital

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