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Class 12

Chemical Properties of Group 15 Elements

Last Updated on July 5, 2022 By Mrs Shilpi Nagpal

Structure of ammonia

Chemical Properties of Group 15 Elements – The p-Block Elements – Class 12 Chemical Properties of Group 15 Elements   Nitrogen differs from rest of members of the group due to its  (1) smaller size, (2) high electronegativity, (3) high ionisation enthalpy and  (iv) non-availability of d-orbitals in the valence shell.   Nitrogen has unique tendency to form pπ-pπ … [Read more...] about Chemical Properties of Group 15 Elements

Characteristics and Physical Properties of Group 15 Elements

Last Updated on July 5, 2022 By Mrs Shilpi Nagpal

Representative Elements or the Main Group Elements In the long form of the periodic table, the elements have been classified into four blocks : s, p, d and f depending upon the subshell in which the last electron enters.   The elements belonging to s and p-blocks in the periodic table are called representative elements or the main group elements. They belong to groups 1, 2 … [Read more...] about Characteristics and Physical Properties of Group 15 Elements

Uses of Aluminium, Copper, Zinc and Iron

Last Updated on July 5, 2022 By Mrs Shilpi Nagpal

Alloys of copper

Uses of Aluminium (i) Aluminium is used for making electrical transmission cables as it is a good conductor of electricity. (ii) Aluminium powder is used as a reducing agent in thermite welding. (iii) In the form of finely divided powder, it is used in anti-rust paints and lacquers. (iv) Aluminium foils are used up for wrapping cigarettes, food stuffs, chocolates, … [Read more...] about Uses of Aluminium, Copper, Zinc and Iron

Extraction of Copper and Zinc

Last Updated on July 5, 2022 By Mrs Shilpi Nagpal

Electrolytic refining of copper

Occurrence and Extraction of Copper Occurrence of Copper It occurs as native copper as well as in combined state.The main ores of copper are: (i) Copper glance Cu2S (ii) Copper pyrites CuFeS2 (iii) Malachite Cu(OH)2CuCO3 (iv) Cuprite or (Rubby copper) Cu2O (v) Azurite 2CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 Extraction of Copper It is mainly extracted from copper pyrites (CuFeS2). The … [Read more...] about Extraction of Copper and Zinc

Extraction of Iron

Last Updated on July 5, 2022 By Mrs Shilpi Nagpal

Blast furnace for the manufacturing of cast iron.

Occurrence and Principle of Extraction of Iron Iron is the second most abundant metal occurring in the earth's crust. It is a reactive metal and does not occur in the free state. In combined state  Occurs as oxides, carbonates and sulphides. The common ores of iron are (1) Haematite Fe2O3  (2) Magnetite  Fe3O4 (3) Limonite Fe2O3.3H2O (4) Iron pyrites FeS2 (5) … [Read more...] about Extraction of Iron

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