Occurrence and Extraction of Copper Occurrence of Copper It occurs as native copper as well as in combined state.The main ores of copper are: (i) Copper glance Cu2S (ii) Copper pyrites CuFeS2 (iii) Malachite Cu(OH)2CuCO3 (iv) Cuprite or (Rubby copper) Cu2O (v) Azurite 2CuCO3.Cu(OH)2 Extraction of Copper It is mainly extracted from copper pyrites (CuFeS2). The … [Read more...] about Extraction of Copper and Zinc
Class 12
Extraction of Iron
Occurrence and Principle of Extraction of Iron Iron is the second most abundant metal occurring in the earth's crust. It is a reactive metal and does not occur in the free state. In combined state Occurs as oxides, carbonates and sulphides. The common ores of iron are (1) Haematite Fe2O3 (2) Magnetite Fe3O4 (3) Limonite Fe2O3.3H2O (4) Iron pyrites FeS2 (5) … [Read more...] about Extraction of Iron
Extraction of Aluminium
Occurrence and Extraction Aluminium occurs widely as a constituent of rocks and soils. The main ores of aluminium are : Bauxite : Al2O3.2H2O Cryolite : Na3AlF6 Feldspar: KAlSi3O8 Mica : KAlSi2O10(OH)2 In India, aluminium occurs mostly in the form of mica. The ores of mica are located in the states of Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Jammu and … [Read more...] about Extraction of Aluminium
Thermodynamic and Electrochemical Principle of Metallurgy
Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy Thermodynamic considerations are very important in metallurgical processes. These help in deciding the temperature and the choice of reducing agents in the reduction processes. The feasibility of a process can be predicted in terms of Gibbs energy change (ΔG) at any specified temperature. This is related to enthalpy change (ΔH) … [Read more...] about Thermodynamic and Electrochemical Principle of Metallurgy
Purification or refining of the Metal
Purification or refining of Metals The metal obtained by any of the above methods is usually impure and is known as crude metal. Therefore, the crude metal is to be purified. The impurities may be in the form of 1) unreduced oxides of the metals 2) non-metals like C, Si, P, As, S etc. 3) foreign metals 4) slag or flux. The process of purifying the crude … [Read more...] about Purification or refining of the Metal