Covalent Bond

Question 1 Define covalent bond?

Question 2 Why non-metals form covalent bond?

Question 3 What is a single covalent bond. Give example?

Question 4 What is a double covalent bond. Give example?

Question 5 What is a triple covalent bond. Give example?

Question 6 Give few properties of covalent compounds?

Covalent bond

The chemical bond formed by sharing of electrons between two atoms is called covalent bond. Non-metals have usually 5,6 or 7 electrons in the outermost shells of their atoms. So non-metals need electrons to achieve to achieve inert gas configuration. They get these electrons by mutual sharing.

Covalent bonds are of 3 types:

1) Single covalent bond: It is formed by sharing of one pair of electron between two atoms.
For Example :Formation of chlorine, Hydrogen, Hydrogen chloride, Methane molecule etc.

2) Double covalent bond: It is formed by sharing of two pair of electron between two atoms.
For Example :Oxygen, Carbondioxide, Ethene molecule etc.

3) Triple Covalent bond: It is formed by sharing of three pair of electron between two atoms.
For Example :Nitrogen, Ethyne molecule etc.

Properties of Covalent Compound

1) Covalent compounds are usually liquids or gases. Only some of them are solids.

2) Covalent compounds have usually low melting and low boiling point.

3) Covalent compounds are usually insoluble in water but they are soluble in organic solvents.

4) They do not conduct electricity.