Civics

New Terms Company : This refers to a form of business established by people or the government. Private company : A company established and run by persons or group of persons. For example, Tata Steel. Basic needs : This refers to the primary requirements such as water, food, clothing, sanitation, education and healthcare. Universal access : This is achieved when … [Read more...] about Civics Chapter 9 Public Facilities – Notes & Study Material

Important Terms Assertive: A person or a group which expresses views in a strong way. Confront : To come face to face or challenge someone or something. For example, Marginalised groups protested against their exclusion by dominated society. Dalit: The term Dalit which means broken, is used deliberately and actively by groups to highlight centuries of discrimination … [Read more...] about Civics Chapter 8 Confronting Marginalisation – Notes & Study Material

Important Terms Adivasi: This refers to original inhabitants. They are communities who lived, and often continue to live in close association with forests. Displaced:  In context of this chapter, this refers to persons who are forced to move from their homes for big developmental projects such as construction of dams, mining, etc. Ghettoisation: Ghettoisation is the … [Read more...] about Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation – Notes & Study Material

Important Terms Accused: A person who is tried in court for a crime. Bail: Bail is money or property, an accused puts forth as security to make sure he/she will appear in the court for trial. Cross-examine: In context of this chapter, this refers to the questioning of a witness who has already been examined by the opposing side in order to determine the veracity of … [Read more...] about Civics Chapter 6 Understanding Our Criminal Justice system – Notes & Study Material

New Terms Acquit: This refers to the court declaring that an individual is not guilty for the crime which he was tried for by the court. Eviction: In context of this chapter, it refers to the removal of individuals from homes/land which they are currently living in. Judicial system: This is the mechanism of courts which a citizen may approach when a law is … [Read more...] about Civics Chapter 5 Judiciary – Notes & Study Material

New Terms  Evolution: In context to this chapter, evolution refers to the way in which protecting the women from domestic violence developed from an urgently-felt requirement of a new law which can be enforced throughout the Country. Criticise: To find fault with or disapprove of an individual or a thing, In context of this chapter, it refers to the citizens finding fault … [Read more...] about Civics Chapter 4 Understanding Laws – Notes & Study Material

New Terms Parliament: The Parliament of India constitutes the President, the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha. Also known as Sansad, our Parliament is the highest law making body in the nation. Rajya Sabha : It is also known as the Council of States and has a maximum strength of 250 members. The Vice President is the ex-officio chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Lok Sabha: … [Read more...] about Civics Chapter 3 Why do we need a Parliament – Notes & Study Material

Important Terms Secularism: It means equal respect for all the religions. The state does not profess any religion and it treats all the religions alike. India is a secular state. Coercion: Forcing someone to do something. In context of this chapter, it refers to the force exercised by a legal authority such as the state. Intervene: In this chapter, the term … [Read more...] about Civics Chapter 2 Understanding Secularism – Notes & Study Material

Important Terms Constitution: Constitution is usually a written document, containing the rules of governing a sovereign nation state. Consensus: Agreement of all individuals on some issue. Democracy: A form of government in which people largely hold the power of governance. The representatives of people constitute the government and undertake the constitutional … [Read more...] about Civics Chapter 1 The Indian Constitution – Notes & Study Material