Class 8

Important Terms Constitution : It is a set of principles that a state (nation) follows to administer itself. It contains the rights and duties of the citizens and also underlines the working of different parts of the government, i.e., Executive Legislature and Judiciary. Concurrent List : It refers to the list, which contains the subjects of governance on which both … [Read more...] about History Chapter 10 India After Independence – Notes & Study Material

Important Terms Council : Council is an appointed or elected body of people with an administrative, advisory or representative function. "General" Constituencies : "General" constituencies are election districts with no reservations for any religious or other communities. Illegal Eviction : Illegal eviction is a forcible and unlawful throwing out of tenants from the … [Read more...] about History Chapter 9 The Making of the National Movements : 1870s-1947 – Notes & Study Material

Important Terms Conservative : Those people who wish to stick to old customs and traditions and oppose change. Sati : It meant 'virtuous women'. These women embraced death by burning themselves on the funeral pyre of their husbands. Suffrage : The right to vote. Untouchables : The lowest class people. They were denied entry at public places. Important … [Read more...] about History Chapter 8 Women, Caste and Reform – Notes & Study Material

Important Terms Despatch : An official report, for example, Wood's Despatch. Guru : The teacher. Linguist : A person who knows and studies several languages. Orientalists : Orientalists are those who have scholarly knowledge of the language and culture of Asia. Munshi : Munshi is a person who can read, write and teach Persian. Madrasa : Madrasa is an … [Read more...] about History Chapter 7 Civilising The “Native”, Educating the Nation – Notes & Study Material

Important Terms Aurang : A Persian term for 'warehouse'; a place, where goods are stored before being sold. Bandanna : This word is derived from the word 'bandhna', which referred to a variety of brightly-coloured cloth produced through the method of tying and dying. Nowadays, this denotes a coloured and printed scarf for the neck or head. Bellows : A device or … [Read more...] about History Chapter 6 Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners – Notes & Study Material