| Reference Book | Collins Revised English Grammar and Composition Class 7 |
| Chapter Number | Chapter 22 |
| Chapter Name | Transformation and Synthesis |
Let’s Get started
Match the sentences with their type.
| Sentences | Types |
| 1) Rita baked a cake and gave it to her neighbour. | a) Compound sentence |
| 2) Sangeeta likes to sculpt. | b) Simple sentence |
| 3) Unless Nitin works hard, he cannot join the basketball team. |
c) Complex sentence |
A) Transform the exclamatory sentences into assertive sentences and the assertive sentences into exclamatory sentences. ( Page 134)
1) How irritating these mosquitoes are!
1) These mosquitoes are very irritating.
2) Mother made a delicious vegetable stew.
2) What a delicious vegetable stew mother made!
3) Anil told me an interesting story.
3) What an interesting story Anil told me!
4) What a thumping majority he got in the student body elections!
4) He got a highly thumping majority in the student body election.
5) They are very upset about your decision.
5) How upset they are about your decision!
6) The bird is patiently building its nest.
6) How patiently the bird is building its nest!
7) What a shame it is to lose the match like that!
7) It is a real shame to lose the match like that.
8) What an intelligent person you are!
8) You are an extremely intelligent person.
9) Children are curious about everything they come across.
9) How curious children are about everything they come across!
10) How annoyingly slow the train is!
10) The train is annoyingly slow.
B) Transform the sentences as instructed. (Page 134)
1) The man with the bowler hat is a famous painter (Change to interrogative)
1) Is the man with the bowler hat a famous painter?
2) Isn’t there going to be a cultural programme during Durga Puja? (Change to assertive)
2) There is going to be a cultural programme during Durga Puja.
3) The old man could never forget the day when a young man saved him from a road accident. (Change to exclamatory)
3) How well the man remembered the day when a young man saved him from a road accident.
4) He has no way of getting out of the situation. (Change to interrogative)
4) Does he have any way of getting out of the situation?
5) Could Jacob think of a new way to make money after his business fell through? (Change to assertive)
5) Jacob could think of a new way to make money after his business fell through.
6) You have never cooked a complete meal by yourself. ( Change to interrogative)
6) Have you ever cooked a complete meal by yourself?
C) Transform the affirmative sentences into negative sentences. Make sure that the meaning remains the same. (Page 134, 135)
1) She is a bold person.
1) She is not a timid person.
2) The king is known for his kindness.
2) The king is known for not being cruel.
3) They strongly disagree with us.
3) They do not agree with us at all.
4) This is very unfair.
4) This is not fair at all.
5) The two sisters behave in very dissimilar ways.
5) The two sisters do not behave in similar ways.
6) It is unlikely that we will win the match this time.
6) It is not likely that we will win the match this time.
7) They are a happy couple.
7) They are not a sad couple.
8) This is an expected surprise.
8) This is not an expected surprise.
9) We will be late for lunch.
9) We will not be in time for lunch.
10) The soldier was very brave.
10) The soldiers were not cowardly.
D) Transform the negative sentences into affirmatives sentences. (Page 135)
1) This is not a suitable size for the baby.
1) This is an unsuitable size for the baby.
2) It is not easy to convince her.
2) It is difficult to convince her.
3) This is not acceptable to them.
3) This is unacceptable to them.
4) The food is not spicy.
4) The food is bland.
5) No one disagrees that he is hardworking man.
5) Everyone agrees that he is a hardworking man.
6) You must not leave without my permission.
6) You must leave only with my permission.
7) Do not take foolish decisions.
7) Take intelligent decision.
8) The film is not boring.
8) The film is interesting.
9) We may not reach before six o’clock.
9) We may reach after six o’clock.
10) The hotel is not expensive.
10) The hotel is reasonably priced.
E) Change these simple sentences to compound sentences. (Page 136)
1) In spite of being poor, they are always happy.
1) They are poor, yet they are always happy.
2) Being considerate, she helped him.
2) She was considerate, so she helped him.
3) Proven guilty, the criminal was given punishment.
3) The criminal was proven guilty and was given punishment.
4) You must eat well to avoid falling ill.
4) You must eat well, else you will fail.
5) In spite of being intelligent, Rebecca makes silly mistakes in the exams.
5) Rebecca is intelligent but makes silly mistakes in the exams.
6) Being very tired, we slept early.
6) We were very tired, so we slept early.
7. I don’t remember the route to the market despite going there several times.
7) I have gone to the market several times, but I don’t remember the route.
8. Teena sang in the choir in spite of being ill.
8) Teena was ill, yet she sang in the choir.
9. The injured player had to leave the field for treatment.
9)The player was injured, so he had to leave the field for treatment.
10. Wanting a job soon, he decided to study engineering.
10) He wanted a job soon, so he decided to study engineering.
F) Rewrite these simple sentences as complex sentences as instructed. (Page 136)
1. The satellite exploring the planet Mars returned to Earth last month. (Use that)
1) The satellite that was exploring the planet Mars returned to Earth last month. (Use that)
2. Sir Edmund Hillary, the first person to climb Mount Everest, was a beekeeper. (Use who)
2) Sir Edmund Hillary who was the first person to climb Mount Everest, was a beekeeper.
3. This country is investing in clean energy to develop its industries further. (Use so that)
3) This country is investing in clean energy so that it can develop its industries further.
4. Pluto, the most distant member of the solar system, is considered a dwarf planet. (Use which)
4) Pluto which is the most distant member of the solar system, is considered a dwarf planet.
5. In spite of coming from a humble background, Suhas has achieved a lot in life. (Use although)
5) Although he came from a humble background, Suhas has achieved a lot in life.
6. The news of India winning the match made us very happy. (Use that)
6) The news that India had won the match made us very happy.
7. Meera’s brother gave her a box decorated with precious stones. (Use which)
7) Meera’s brother gave her a box which was decorated with precious stones.
G) Join these sentences to form simple sentences using infinitives, participles or gerunds. (Page 137)
1) She went to Shimla. She wanted to attend her cousin’s wedding.
1) She went to Shimla to attend her cousin’s wedding.
2) People queued up early in the morning at the bank. They wanted to withdraw money.
2) People queued up early in the morning at the bank to withdraw money.
3) Samantha didn’t even have Rs 10 with her. She could not buy a bottle of water.
3) Samantha didn’t even have Rs 10 with her to buy a bottle of water.
4) China and Germany are conducting talks. They want to do a joint space expedition.
4) China and Germany are conducting talks to do a joint space expedition.
5) The cat was lost in the woods. It could not find its way out.
5) Being lost in the woods, the cat could not find its way out.
6) We have two tests today. We are very nervous.
6) We are very nervous having two tests today.
7) Rohit hadn’t seen Gautam in ages. Rohit didn’t recognize him.
7) Not having seen Gautam in ages, Rohit didn’t recognize him.
8) She was talking to her friend sitting next to her. She forgot she was in science class.
8) Talking to her friend sitting next to her, she forgot she was in science class.
9) Meera is a vegan. She does not drink milk.
9) Being a vegan, Meera does not drink milk.
10. Chitra was cleaning her room. She found some old books.
10) While cleaning her room, Chitra found some old books.
H) Join each pair of simple sentence to form another simple sentence. ( Page 138)
1) She is busy. She cannot take the call.
1) She is too busy to take the call.
2) I am going to the railway station. I have to pick up my cousin.
2) I am going to the railway station to pick up my cousin.
3) Venu is intelligent.He can solve the puzzle.
3) Venu is intelligent enough to solve the puzzle.
4) Carol wants to support her parents. She wants to find a job.
4) Carol wants to find a job in order to support her parents.
5) This is Karunya’s brother. His name is Kiran.
5) This is Kiran, Karunya’s brother.
6) Malala Yousafzai is the youngest Nobel Peace Prize recipient. She has honorary Canadian citizenship.
6) Malala Yousafzai, the youngest Nobel Peace Prize recipient, has honorary Canadian citizenship.
7) Zeenat is tall. She can reach the top shelf.
7) Zeenat is tall enough to reach the top shelf.
8) Robin was frustrated with his roommate. He tried to move out of hostel.
8) Being frustrated with his roommate, Robin tried to move out of hostel.
9) Theresa saw Mr Singh’s dog. It was chasing a cat.
9) Theresa saw Mr Singh’s dog chasing a cat.
10) The students completed their examination. They went home.
10) Having completed their examination, the students went home.
11) The baby is sleepy. She cannot keep her eyes open.
11) Being sleepy, the baby cannot keep her eye open.
12) The rain stopped. We set out on our regular walk.
12) The rain having stopped, we set out on our regular walk.
I) Join the pairs of simple sentences to form complex sentences which the given subordinating conjunctions. (Page 139)
1. Dr Sarkar was on leave. He went to the hospital on an emergency. (although)
1) Although Dr Sarkar was on leave, he went to the hospital on an emergency.
2. You need not worry about the interview. You have prepared well. (since)
2) You need not worry about the interview since you have prepared well.
3. She should give correct measurements. She wants her jacket to be stitched well. (if)
3) She should give correct measurements if she wants her jacket to be stitched well.
4. Rohit cleaned his room. Rohit went to play cricket. (after)
4) After he cleaned his room, Rohit went to play cricket.
5. The refugees were driven out of their motherland. The refugees sought to make Canada their home. (as)
5) As the refugees were driven out of their motherland they sought to make Canada their home.
6. She knew about my visit. She left for Chennai. (although)
6) Although she knew about my visit, she left for Chennai.
7. The students are seriously ill. The students cannot miss their examinations. (unless)
7) Unless they are seriously ill, the students cannot miss their examinations.
8. The baby cried all night. The neighbours did not complain. (even though)
8) Even though the baby cried all night, the neighbours did not complain.
9. My mother goes to the supermarket. She takes her own cloth bags. (whenever)
9) Whenever my mother goes to the supermarket, she takes her own cloth bags.
10. We did not take our umbrellas. There were no clouds in the sky. (because)
10) We did not take our umbrellas because there were no clouds in the sky.
J) These complex sentences have more than one conjunctions . Underline the conjunction that is not required. (Page 139)
1. Since I reached the school early, then I had time to play before everyone arrived.
2. Although you lost the opportunity now, and there is always a next time!
3. They are willing to contribute some money and if you need it.
4. Though it seemed like an impossible task, John still learnt to ride a unicycle.
5. Until I started exercising regularly, since I did not lose weight.
6. Even though it is raining outside, and the students did not stop playing football.
7. If the business succeeds, so Mr Dutt wants a share of the profits.
8. As Tejas won the lottery last week, because he doesn’t work here anymore.
9. Since the new car has a lot of power but it uses lots of fuel.
10. Whenever there is a cricket match and I usually have an examination.
K) Change the pairs of simple sentences into compound sentences using the given conjunctions. (Page 140)
| or | yet | whenever | but | while | still |
| else | either__ or | neither__nor | not only __but also | both__and | so |
1. You can submit an online application. You can submit a hard copy.
1) You can submit an online application or you can submit a hard copy.
2. The two brothers fight like cats and dogs. They love each other very much.
2) The two brothers fight like cats and dogs yet they love each other very much.
3. I was very sleepy. I finished the assignment before sleeping.
3) I was very sleepy still I finished the assignment before sleeping.
4. You can have chocolate ice cream. You can have vanilla ice cream.
4) You can have both chocolate ice cream and vanilla ice cream.
5. The drought has affected the urban population. The drought has affected the rural population.
5) The drought has affected not only the urban population but it has also affected the rural population.
6. Mr Kona will not buy a dog. Mr Kona will not buy a cat.
6) Mr Kona will buy neither a dog nor a cat.
7. Sunil missed his swimming class. He was unhappy.
7) Sunil missed his swimming class so he was unhappy.
8. Sleep early tonight. You will not wake up early tomorrow.
8) Sleep early tonight else you will not wake up early tomorrow.
9. Manu is young. Manu is mature for his age.
9) Manu is young but he is mature for his age.
10. You can sleep in the bedroom. You can sleep in the drawing room.
10. You can sleep either in the bedroom or you can sleep in the drawing room.
11. I chatted with my mother. She was cutting the vegetables.
11) I chatted with my mother while she was cutting the vegetables.
12. You are ready with the report. You can call me.
12) Whenever you are ready with the report, you can call me.
L) Join the sentences in column A with the sentences in column B to form compound or complex sentences using appropriate conjunctions. Then, mention whether the new sentence is complex or compound. (Page 140)
| Column A | Column B | New Sentence |
| 1) You must tell me what is bothering you. | a. I cannot help you. | Unless you tell me what is bothering you, I cannot help you. (Complex) |
| 2) They moved into the new flat. | b. They invited many guests | When they moved into the new flat, they invited many guests. (Complex) |
| 3) You can send me an email. | c. You can send me a WhatsApp message. | You can send me either an email or you can send a WhatApp message. (Compound) |
| 4) She came here. | d. She saw me. | She came here and saw me. (Compound) |
| 5) Virat practised hard. | e. He didn’t succeed. | Although Virat practised hard, he didn’t succeed. (Complex) |
| 6) Swati danced beautifully. | f. The dance instructor praised her. | Swati danced beautifully so the dance instructor praised her. (Compound) |
| 7) She is popular. | g. She cannot be considered a great poet. | She is popular but cannot be considered a great poet. (Compound) |
| 8) The old man was thrown into prison. | h. He was heavily fined. | The old man was not only thrown into prison but was also heavily fined. (Compound) |
| 9) Bindu had a pleasant manner. | i. She became popular in school. | Bindu became popular in school because she had a pleasant manner. (Complex) |
| 10) These shoes are not mine | j. They are too big. | These shoes are not mine as they are too big. (Complex) |
| 11) You want to lose weight | k. You must give up fast food. | If you want to lose weight, you must give up fast food. (Complex) |
| 12) you must drink plenty of water | l. It is summer | Since it is summer, you must drink plenty of water. (Complex) |
M) Convert the following simple sentences into compound sentences. (Page 141)
1) Atish fled for fear of being robbed.
1) Atish was afraid of being robbed, so he fled.
2) Rishi sat in a corner, brooding.
2) Rishi sat in a corner and started brooding.
3) Being innocent, Ashima never thought of running away.
3) Ashima was innocent so she never thought of running away.
4) Beside being handsome, Kavish is clever.
4) Kavish is not handsome , but is also clever.
5) Being lazy, Dominic failed.
5) Dominic was lazy, so he failed.
6) In spite of her illness, she attended the class.
6) She was ill, yet she attended the class.
7) Besides being hardworking, Avinash was also punctual.
7) Avinash was not only hardworking but was also punctual.
Let us write
Renu is a seventh grade student. Her father got transferred from Trivandrum to Delhi. Renu is describing her first day in the new school. Help her join the sentences in each pair into one.
1. It was my first day in the new school. I was very nervous.
1) Since it was my first day in the new school, I was very nervous.
2. I walked into a classroom full of students. I didn’t know a single person.
2) I walked into a classroom full of students where I didn’t know a single person.
3. I sat in an empty chair. I was afraid to talk to anyone.
3) I sat in an empty chair as I was afraid to talk to anyone.
4. Two girls came up to me. They were smiling.
4) Two girls came up to me and they were smiling.
5. They introduced themselves as Neeta and Swati. They were twins.
5) They introduced themselves as twins, Neeta and Swati.
6. They asked my name and where I was from. I replied timidly.
6) When they asked my name and where I was from, I replied timidly.
7. Other students also began to introduce themselves. I began to feel less scared.
7) As other students also began to introduce themselves, I began to feel less scared.
8. Finally, the teacher entered the classroom. Everyone was silent.
8) Finally when the teacher entered the classroom, everyone was silent.
9. I went towards her to introduce myself. The teacher smiled. I lost all my fear then.
9) When I went towards her to introduce myself , the teacher smiled and I lost all my fear then.
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