How do Organism Reproduce

Question 1 Define the term reproduction?

Question 2 Define asexual reproduction?

Question 3 Define sexual reproduction?

Question 4 What are the various methods of asexual reproduction?

Question 5 Name the two types of reproduction?

Question 6 Name the male and female gametes in animals?

How do Organism Reproduce

The production of new organism from existing organism of same species is called reproduction.

It is essential for the survival of species on the earth or to ensure continuity of life on earth.

For Example : Reproduction by human being ensures that human species will continue to exist on this earth for all time. It give rise to more organisms with same basic characteristics as their parents.

 

Existing organism are called parents.

New organism are called offsprings.

The chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell contain information for inheritance of features from parents to next generation in the form of DNA molecules.

The DNA in the cell nucleus in the formation source for making proteins.

Types of Reproduction

(1) Asexual
(2) Sexual

Asexual Reproduction

The production of new organism from a single parent without the involvement of sex cell. It is called asexual because it does not use sex cells for producing new organism.

In asexual reproduction, part of the parents organism separates off and grows into a new organism.

Only one parent is needed to produce new organism.

There are 6 different methods:
(1) Fission(amoeba)
(2) Budding(hydra)
(3) Spore formation(Rhizopus fungus)
(4) Regeneration(flatworm)
(5) Fragmentation(spirogyra)
(6) Vegetative propagation (flowering plant-rose)

Sexual Reproduction

The sex cell of one parent fuses with sex cell of other parent to form a new cell called zygote. The zygote develops to form new organism. Sex cell or gametes are of 2 types:

(1) Male-Sperm

(2) Female-Ovum